Dubai is so much more than
a tourist destination at the beach: it is the biggest construction
zone of the world, an awesome human experiment of forced urbanization
and will be host of the biggest man made world records in
2008 , Ambitious mixed-use urban developments featuring luxury
residences, hotels and office blocks, huge shopping malls
and imaginative entertainment complexes are rapidly changing
the face of Dubai emirate and are putting the Dubai property
market on the world stage. The catalyst for much of this expansion
was the emirate’s decision to allow non-nationals to
purchase freehold property. In addition, the emirate is developing
major commercial and industrial zones such as Jebel Ali Airport
City. All of this unprecedented expansion necessitates a virtual
reworking of the emirate’s infrastructure.
Nakheel’s development of The Palm, Jumeirah and The
Palm, Jebel Ali. These are massive man-made islands in the
shape of a palm linked to the mainland by a bridge. Reclamation
work is also progressing rapidly on The Palm, Deira. This,
the last of the three ambitious residential island projects,
is connected to mainland Dubai by a stretch of reclaimed land
close to Al Hamriyah Port. Reclamation is also well under
way on The World project. Due for completion in 2008, this
cluster of 300 artificial islands in the shape of the seven
continents is located 4 kilometres off the coast between Burj
Al Arab and Port Rashid.
Total investment by Nakheel in Dubai’s booming property
sector, including the above projects, Jumeirah Islands, International
City, Ibn Battuta Mall and Discovery Gardens, exceeds Dh92
billion to date. This is set to increase dramatically in the
near future since Nakheel has been working on a spectacular
new project for over a year: a new company, Dubai Waterfront
(DWC), has been launched to develop an 81-million-square-metre,
water-themed, mixed-use destination 35 kilometres south west
of Dubai City on the border with Abu Dhabi. Up to 750,000
people will live in Dubai Waterfront’s ten districts
or diversified zones incorporating 250 master-planned communities
and a downtown area, Madinat Al Arab. The first phase will
take five years to complete, commencing in 2006. Unlike other
Dubai projects where the government has been involved in developing
roads, power and water facilities, Dubai Waterfront’s
basic infrastructure will be developed by DWC.
Downtown
Dubai
In April 2005, a syndicate
of three UAE banks, Mashreqbank, Emirates Bank International
and Abu Dhabi Commercial Bank, signed an agreement to provide
the required contracting finance for the consortium chosen
to construct EMAAR’s iconic Burj Dubai Tower, valued
at Dh3.2 billion and soon to become the world’s tallest
building. Due for completion by end of 2008, the Burj Dubai
Tower will be the centrepiece of the 500-acre, £4.3
billion ‘Downtown Dubai’ development. EMAAR has
also been instrumental in a major re-shaping of the outskirts
of Dubai with residential and leisure projects such Arabian
Ranches and Dubai Marina.
New
Shopping Malls
Dubai’s property developers
have focused on the fact that the UAE is conveniently located
amidst 3.2 billion consumers from countries such as Iran,
India, Pakistan and other Middle East states. In particular,
estimates by industry experts that the Emirates’ retail
business will be worth Dh183.5 billion by 2010 have encouraged
a revitalisation of this sector. EMAAR properties’ Dubai
Mall, with a gross leasable area of 351,000 square metres
in the new ‘Downtown Dubai’, is just one of the
mega-malls planned for Dubai. Mall of Arabia to be located
in Dubailand is destined to be the largest in Dubai. Majid
Al Futtaim’s 223,000 - square-metres, Dh3 billion Mall
of the Emirates, is already operational. Superlative retail
is not the only experience on offer in these malls. Leisure
facilities will also be second to none. For example, The Middle
East’s first indoor ski resort was opened in September
2005 at Mall of the Emirates.
Dubai
Festival City
Dubai Festival City, the
superstructure of the Festival Centre, the City’s 2.42
million-square-metre centrepiece that is located on the banks
of Dubai Creek. The Festival Centre will feature more than
400 shops and 70 restaurants and cafes spread across four
themed pavilions on the waterfront. The first phase of the
Festival Centre, the retail park, featuring a number of international
flagship stores, opened in November 2005. Construction of
the final component, a 12-cinema complex, is due to begin
in 2006. The Festival Centre is situated around the 150-berth
Festival Marina. In the meantime, construction work on the
Al Badia golf course clubhouse is on schedule to be completed
very soon.
Dubailand
When it is completed in
2020 Dubailand will have 279 million square metres of facilities,
including 50 themed entertainment, retail, and sports parks,
double the size of Disneyworld. It will house 300,000 residents
and cater to more than 200,000 visitors daily. The first phase
of the Dh50 billion project will be opened in 2008. In the
meantime, the Dubai government is investing more than Dh3
billion in infrastructure.
Groundwork on Dubai Sports City (DSC), the world’s first
integrated purpose built sports city and a major component
of Dubailand, commenced in mid-2005. DSC encompasses 46.5
million square metres of sporting facilities, four stadia,
sports academies, residential and commercial real estate,
hotels, entertainment outlets, international schools, a medical
centre and a shopping mall. The total
development cost for the DSC component of Dubailand will be
Dh7.34 billion.
In 2005, Dubai Development and Investment Authority (DDIA),
the promoters of Dubailand, signed an agreement to set up
the Dh5.5 billion ‘Falcon City of Wonders’. The
falcon-shaped project is spread over an area of 4 million
square metres and is divided into five overlapped phases,
with the first phase commencing in the first quarter of 2006.
Falcon City of Wonders will contain commercial, residential,
educational, entertainment and leisure amenities built as
replicas of famous international attractions such as the Pyramids,
the Hanging Gardens of Babylon, the Eiffel Tower, the Taj
Mahal and the Leaning Tower of Pisa.
Plans for Dubailand’s Dh7.2 billion ‘City of Arabia’
were unveiled in April 2005. The development will include
a 930,000-square-metre mall, a dinosaur theme park inhabited
by 100 life-size animatronic dinosaurs, a cluster of towers
and residential and commercial areas. The 46,500-square-metre
‘Restless Planet’, set to open in 2008, will be
developed in collaboration with the Natural History Museum
of London.
It was also announced in 2005 that work will commence in 2006
on the region’s most extensive themed resort to date.
‘Aqua Dunya’, costing Dh7 billion to develop,
will cover an area of 744,000 square metres. Opening in 2008,
it will have over 36 wet and dry rides, adventure islands,
a luxury hotel in the form of a cruise ship and 3400 residential
apartments.
Financial
Centre
Dubai International Financial
Centre (DIFC), which, it is hoped, will place Dubai alongside
Singapore, Frankfurt and Hong Kong on the world’s financial
markets, is being built as an integrated city-centre concept
on 110 acres near the Emirates Towers Hotel. Forty-five per
cent of DIFC real estate development will be completed by
the end of 2006, while the remainder is due for completion
by the end of the decade. DIFC is but one of a wide range
of purpose-built commercial and industrial areas that are
rapidly changing the face of the city.
Transport
Dubai City’s population
of an estimated 1.086 million at the beginning of 2005 is
expected to reach 3 million in 2020, and studies indicate
that the number of vehicles on Dubai’s already congested
roads will triple in the near future. The unprecedented scale
of development outlined above is also putting increased pressure
on the system. Dubai Municipality’s annual budget exceeds
Dh1.28 billion, with approximately 90 per cent allocated to
infrastructure development. The emirate plans to invest over
Dh22 billion in infrastructure-related projects in the medium
term: Dh16.5 billion is earmarked for the light rail transit
(LRT) development, around Dh1.83 billion will be spent on
roads and bridges, Dh1.1 billion on drainage and irrigation
and Dh2.56 billion on general projects.
Dubai’s road network is under continuous expansion with
over 20 major new projects under construction or recently
completed, including a 1.5-kilometre tunnel under the airport
and a new 12-lane bridge across Dubai Creek. Work on the Dh388
million bridge project began in February 2005. This third
bridge is intended to take the pressure off Sheikh Zayed Road,
Al Garhoud Bridge, Maktoum Bridge and the Shindagha Tunnel.
Investment in public transport is a major component of Dubai’s
plans for the future. This service will be vastly improved
once the high-tech, driverless, light rail transit (LRT) comes
on-stream. Dubai Municipality will now finance the entire
project instead of a previously planned 10 per cent. In May
2005 a contract worth Dh12.45 billion was signed with Dubai
Rapid Link (DURL), a consortium of four companies contracted
to build the LRT. The consortium also won a Dh1.88 billion
contract to carry out maintenance of the project for 15 years.
The project will be constructed in two phases over a period
of 55 months with phase one taking 49 months and the overlapping
phase two requiring 35 months. About 14 per cent of the total
civil engineering work is to be carried out underground.
Water
& Power Supply
The Dubai Electricity and
Water Authority (DEWA) signed contracts worth Dh7 billion
in 2005 as part of its projected Dh20 billion investment to
expand capacity by 2012 to around 10,000 MW of electricity
and 370 mg/d of water. These increases are vital to keep pace
with demand in an emirate that is experiencing massive development,
especially in high-consumption tourist facilities.
Most of the electric power consumed in Dubai
is generated by a cluster of power stations located in and
around Jebel Ali. Work is now under way on DEWA’s L
plant also in Jebel Ali. 2008 will see the completion of a
1200 MW power station and an 80 mg/d desalination plant. In
addition, phase two of the Al Aweer gas turbine power project
(H station) is being commissioned in stages and will be operational
in 2006. Station H’s production capacity is currently
600 MW and its total capacity will be 1000 MW on completion.
This will assist with efforts to keep abreast of demand.
Telecommunications
The UAE has a well-developed,
technologically-advanced telecommunications infrastructure
and has high mobile telephone (over 95 per cent) and Internet
penetration (40 per cent). Since 1976 majority government-owned
telecoms corporation Etisalat, a World Top 500 company in
terms of market capitalisation, has operated, maintained and
developed the national and international fixed-line network,
mobile telephony, Internet access and cable TV services. However,
recent government decisions provide for the deregulation of
the market, leaving the way open for other operators to offer
mobile and fixed line telephony in accordance with the legal
framework being implemented by the Telecommunication Regulatory
Authority (TRA). A decree issued in September 2005 by Sheikh
Khalifa revised articles that dealt with deregulation. The
new Article 2 establishes a committee to oversee the telecommunications
sector, to be called the ‘Higher Committee for Supervision
of Telecommunications Sector’. This has four members,
including its chairman, representing the Ministry of Presidential
Affairs, Court of the Vice President and Ruler of Dubai and
the Council of Ministers. The Ministry of Communications has
been tasked by the decree to represent the Government’s
share in Etisalat. An 11-member board of directors will run
the corporation, seven of whom, including the board’s
chairman, shall represent the Government while the rest will
be elected by shareholders for a tenure of three years. All
rules in contravention of the new promulgated law are now
superseded.
Etisalat also provides specialised services through subsidiaries
such as the cable TV company E-Vision. More than three quarters
of the UAE’s Internet users connect through snailpaced
dial-up phone lines. This is set to change with the launch
of Al Shamil.
Whatever the scope of the newly-liberalised UAE telecom market,
a new operator will probably have to rely on Etisalat’s
telecommunication backbone, depending on the kind of service
in question. In fact, commercial operations that resell telecommunication
services to third parties already exist, though the operators
are, in effect, government companies, namely Dubai Internet
City (DIC) and the real-estate company EMAAR. DIC is virtually
the telecommunication provider (fixed lines and Internet)
for over 1500 companies currently based in DIC, Media City
and Knowledge Village. It buys bandwidth from Etisalat and
internally handles all related infrastructure and services,
including billing and support. Meanwhile, EMAAR, which is
spearheading mass development of modern residential clusters
aimed for expatriate ownership and rental, is in turn buying
bandwidth from DIC to cater for the telecommunication needs
of what will eventually be tens of thousands of tenants.
Emirates
Post
Emirates Postal Corporation
(EPC or EmPost) was formed in 2001 following restructuring
of the UAE General Postal Authority to assist in reorganisation
of the existing postal service in line with global developments.
The introduction of integrated IT systems, automated sorting
centres and agreements with international postal authorities
improved efficiency and enabled a reduction in postal tariffs.
Alliances with world giants such as Western Union and DHL
facilitated the introduction of money transfer services and
cross-branded products like ‘International Express’
whereby consignors using Emirates Post packaging can utilise
DHL’s airway bill system and worldwide network. This
process is ongoing and Emirates Post have announced plans
to purchase a 60 per cent stake in Wallstreet Exchange Centre’s
operations in the UAE, Middle East, Europe, Asia and America.
As part of Emirates Post strategy to diversity its services
and transform UAE post offices into one-stop shops, several
new non-postal services are available at its network of 77
post offices, including consumer banking in alliance with
Union National Bank, prepaid telephone cards, payment of utility
bills, provision of Internet stations, sale of mobile phones
and accessories, prepaid parking cards, payment of parking
fines, degree verification and sale of stationery items. Some
post offices will also offer E-Vision subscriptions.
Emirates Post has also forged ties with private sector companies
such as Air Arabia and Cellucom. EPC has lined up a number
of new initiatives that will see the corporation consolidating
its status on the regional and international map, including
plans to have its own fleet of aircraft for cargo services
and the acquisition of a suitable company to provide shipping
and logistics services. In line with privatisation trends,
Emirates Post has also initiated discussions to go public
in 2006 through the flotation of at least 40 per cent of its
shares on the local market.
Airport
& Aviation
Not surprisingly, the significant
increase in economic, business and tourist activity in the
country has led to a corresponding increase in the aviation
industry in the UAE. Bucking international trends, airlines
based in the UAE have a combined purchase order book of over
Dh95 billion and the UAE’s total investment on airport
development over the coming 20 years will exceed Dh71 billion.
This figure includes Dh15 billion being spent on the ongoing
expansion of Dubai International Airport, and Dh30 billion
estimated for the new Jebel Ali International Airport (JAIA)
development.
In 2004, 21.7 million passengers passed through Dubai International
Airport (DIA). This figure increased by 13.7 per cent in the
first half of 2005 compared to the same period in 2004. The
number of passengers totalled 11,837,271 during the first
half of 2005, up from 10,414,143 in the same period in 2004,
and aircraft traffic rose 11.4 per cent to 105,646 from 94,795
movements. By the end of 2005,
it is estimated that 25 million will have passed through DIA
and forecasts for 2010 are for a throughput of 60 million
passengers. To facilitate the growth, the second phase of
DIA’s Dh15 billion development plan is well under way.
This includes construction of the new Terminal 3, Concourse
2 and Concourse 3 (all dedicated to Emirates airline), a cargo
mega terminal and an upgrade and expansion of Terminal 2.
Terminal 3 (a multi-level underground structure featuring
lounges, restaurants, a hotel and 10,000 square metres of
commercial space, including Dubai Duty Free outlets) and Concourse
2 are scheduled to be operational by the first quarter of
2007.
Dubai Duty Free, currently ranked No. 3 in the world in terms
of turnover, recorded sales amounting to US$283 million in
the first half of 2005, representing an increase of 19 per
cent over the previous year and placing the operations on
track for another record year.
Dubai Cargo Village (DCV) handled 1.17 million tonnes of cargo
in 2004, compared to 959,082 tonnes in 2003, an increase of
22 per cent. Figures for 2005 are also up (by 17 per cent
in the first half of 2005). This is a continuing success story
since DCV has experienced 20 per cent annual cargo growth
over the past three years, outstripping projected annual growth
of 10 per cent. DCV will double its capacity to 2.5 million
tonnes by early 2007 when phase one of the expansion programme
is completed. This will provide additional warehousing capacity,
more office space, conference facilities and a shopping centre.
The expansion is long overdue since business had outgrown
capacity several years ago. DCV’s cargo business is
expected to remain steady, even after Jebel Ali Airport opens
and therefore the second and third phases of expansion are
proceeding as planned. These include the construction of three
mega terminals aimed at raising DCV’s total handling
capacity to 4.5 million tonnes by 2020.
Jebel Ali Airport City (JAAC), occupying an area of 140 square
kilometres, the size of Manhattan, will comprise Dubai Aviation
City, Dubai Exhibition City, Commercial City and Emirates
City, Dubai Logistics City (DLC), Residential City, Golf Resort,
as well as Jebel Ali International Airport. The new airport,
located next to the world’s third largest free zone,
the Jebel Ali Free Zone, will also be connected to Dubai Aid
City, Techno Park and Dubai Investment Park. The two industrial
parks contain a significant number of new manufacturing plants.
The whole development, which will take between 25 to 30 years
to complete, will create the largest air-sea logistics and
transportation centre of its kind in the Middle East.
Jebel Ali Airport itself will involve an investment of Dh30
billion in multiple phases up to the year 2020. The plan visualises
the construction of an airport with six runways, cargo services,
two passenger terminals and associated developments capable
of handling 12 million tonnes of cargo and 120 million passengers
annually. All will be designed to handle the new generation
Airbus A380-800F freighter version of the giant airliner.
Phase one will be completed in September 2007. It will include
a 4500 metres runway, a cargo terminal, a small passenger
terminal and executive jet facilities. This will form part
of the 25-square kilometre Dubai Logistics City. The project
will allow Dubai International Airport to focus on the development
of passenger traffic without suffering from congestion or
bottlenecks caused by freight and logistics operations.
Ports
Dubai’s Ports at Port
Rashid (35 berths) in Dubai City and Jebel Ali (71 berths),
south of the city, play a pivotal role in trade in the UAE.
In particular, Jebel Ali, which primarily handles bulk cargo
and industrial material for Jebel Ali Free Zone, is the largest
port in the country and the largest man-made port in the world.
Dubai Ports Authority (DPA) handled 6.25 million tonnes of
general cargo in 2004, achieving a 20 per cent growth rate
and an increase of 1.035 million tonnes over 2003. Goods entering
through Dubai’s ports comprised 81 per cent of the total,which
amounted to 5.088 million tonnes in 2004, an increase of 27
per cent.
Exports comprised 14 per cent of total tonnage or 869,000
tonnes, an increase of 12 per cent over 2003. The ports handled
about 5.15 million containers in 2004, in comparison with
just 1.6 million in 1993. This strong growth, assisted in
no small way by the busy construction industry in Dubai, has
continued into 2005.
DPA achieved 22 per cent growth in container traffic during
the first half of 2005 and presently ranks tenth in the world,
having handled a total of 3,631,108 TEUs in the first six
months of the year. During the same period, DPA handled 7651
vessels of all types, which was an 11 per cent increase over
2004. Container vessels made up 3279 of the total vessels,
marking a 34 per cent increase over 2004. The growth in throughput
is in line with DPA’s 25 per cent year-on-year growth
in volume, which has been substantiated by the completion
of the first phase of the four-phase, Dh4.6 billion expansion
project at Jebel Ali. On completion in 2020, the port will
have 82 berths equipped with 125 quayside cranes and supporting
yard equipment, and will be able to handle 21.8 million containers
a year.
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